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A Methodology and Implementation for Annotating Digital Images for Context-appropriate Use in an Academic Health Care Environment

Affiliations of the authors: Department of Radiology, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT (PAG, JRL, CC, GLK); Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT (PAG, JRL, CC, KHA); Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT (DAM, KHA).

Correspondence and reprints: Patricia Goede, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Department of Pediatrics, Program in Imaging, Communication, and Collaboration, Electronic Medical Education Resource Group, 30 N 1900 E, Salt Lake City, UT 84132-2202; e-mail: <patricia.goede{at}hsc.utah.edu.>

Received for publication: 09/10/02; accepted for publication: 07/27/03.

Use of digital medical images has become common over the last several years, coincident with the release of inexpensive, mega-pixel quality digital cameras and the transition to digital radiology operation by hospitals. One problem that clinicians, medical educators, and basic scientists encounter when handling images is the difficulty of using business and graphic arts commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) software in multicontext authoring and interactive teaching environments. The authors investigated and developed software-supported methodologies to help clinicians, medical educators, and basic scientists become more efficient and effective in their digital imaging environments. The software that the authors developed provides the ability to annotate images based on a multispecialty methodology for annotation and visual knowledge representation. This annotation methodology is designed by consensus, with contributions from the authors and physicians, medical educators, and basic scientists in the Departments of Radiology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Dermatology, and Ophthalmology at the University of Utah. The annotation methodology functions as a foundation for creating, using, reusing, and extending dynamic annotations in a context-appropriate, interactive digital environment. The annotation methodology supports the authoring process as well as output and presentation mechanisms. The annotation methodology is the foundation for a Windows implementation that allows annotated elements to be represented as structured eXtensible Markup Language and stored separate from the image(s).

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