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Affiliations of the authors: UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California (JM, AT, RW, CH, PT, MI, KN); McGill University, Montreal, Canada (AE, TP, BP, LC, DM, NK, GleG); University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas (PF, JL, LP); Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany (KZ, TS, SG); University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California (GS); Institute of Medicine, Research Center Julich, Germany (KA, NP-G); The MITRE Corporation, McLean, Virginia (JF, KS); Vrije University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (DB); University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands (HHP); Department of Psychology, UCLA, Los Angeles (TC); Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan (RK); University de Caen, Caen, France (BM).
Correspondence and reprints: John C. Mazziotta, MD, PhD, Director, Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, Pierson-Lovelace Investigator, Professor of Neurology, Radiological Sciences and Medical and Molecular Pharmacology, 660 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095; e-mail: mazz{at}loni.ucla.edu
Received for publication: 01/19/01; accepted for publication: 05/01/01.
The authors describe the development of a four-dimensional atlas and reference system that includes both macroscopic and microscopic information on structure and function of the human brain in persons between the ages of 18 and 90 years. Given the presumed large but previously unquantified degree of structural and functional variance among normal persons in the human population, the basis for this atlas and reference system is probabilistic. Through the efforts of the International Consortium for Brain Mapping (ICBM), 7,000 subjects will be included in the initial phase of database and atlas development. For each subject, detailed demographic, clinical, behavioral, and imaging information is being collected. In addition, 5,800 subjects will contribute DNA for the purpose of determining genotype– phenotype–behavioral correlations. The process of developing the strategies, algorithms, data collection methods, validation approaches, database structures, and distribution of results is described in this report. Examples of applications of the approach are described for the normal brain in both adults and children as well as in patients with schizophrenia. This project should provide new insights into the relationship between microscopic and macroscopic structure and function in the human brain and should have important implications in basic neuroscience, clinical diagnostics, and cerebral disorders.
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