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First published July 23, 2002 as JAMIA PrePrint; doi:10.1197/jamia.M1089
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Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 9:437-447 (2002)
© 2002 American Medical Informatics Association

Application of Information Technology

Simulated Medical Learning Environments on the Internet

Parvati Dev, PhD, Kevin Montgomery, PhD, Steven Senger, PhD, W. Leroy Heinrichs, MD, PhD, Sakti Srivastava, MD and Kenneth Waldron, PhD

Affiliations of the authors: Stanford University, Stanford, California (PD, KM, WLH, S. Srivastava, and KW); University of Wisconsin, La Crosse, Wisconsin (S. Senger).

Correspondence and reprints: Parvati Dev, PhD, Director, SUMMIT, Stanford University School of Medicine, 251 Campus Drive, Room 226, Stanford, CA 94305-5466; e-mail: <Parvati.Dev{at}stanford.edu>.

Learning anatomy and surgical procedures requires both a conceptual understanding of three-dimensional anatomy and a hands-on manipulation of tools and tissue. Such virtual resources are not available widely, are expensive, and may be culturally disallowed. Simulation technology, using high-performance computers and graphics, permits realistic real-time display of anatomy. Haptics technology supports the ability to probe and feel this virtual anatomy through the use of virtual tools. The Internet permits world-wide access to resources. We have brought together high-performance servers and high-bandwidth communication using the Next Generation Internet and complex bimanual haptics to simulate a tool-based learning environment for wide use. This article presents the technologic basis of this environment and some evaluation of its use in the gross anatomy course at Stanford University.




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Copyright © 2002 by the American Medical Informatics Association.